SQL Cheatsheet

The SELECT statement retrieves data from a database.

SELECT * FROM table_name;

This query retrieves unique values from a specified column.

SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table_name;

The WHERE clause filters the results based on a specified condition.

SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE condition;

These operators are used to combine multiple conditions in a WHERE clause.

SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE condition1 AND/OR condition2;

ORDER BY sorts the results in ascending (default) or descending order.

SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name;

LIMIT restricts the number of rows returned by a query.

SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT n;

This statement adds new records into a table.

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, ...);

UPDATE modifies existing records in a table.

UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2 WHERE condition;

The DELETE statement removes records from a table.

DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

IN allows you to specify multiple values in a WHERE clause.

SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name IN (value1, value2, ...);

BETWEEN filters results within a specified range.

SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2;

LIKE is used for pattern matching.

SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE pattern;

JOIN combines records from two or more tables based on a related column.

SELECT * FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;

LEFT JOIN retrieves all records from the left table and matching records from the right table.

SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;

RIGHT JOIN retrieves all records from the right table and matching records from the left table.

SELECT * FROM table1 RIGHT JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;

INNER JOIN retrieves records with matching values in both tables.

SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;

GROUP BY groups rows with the same values into summary rows.

SELECT column_name, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name;

HAVING filters results of a GROUP BY query based on a condition.

SELECT column_name, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name HAVING condition;

COUNT counts the number of records in a table.

SELECT COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name;

AVG calculates the average value of a column.

SELECT AVG(column_name) FROM table_name;

MAX and MIN retrieve the maximum and minimum values from a column, respectively.

SELECT MAX(column_name) FROM table_name;
SELECT MIN(column_name) FROM table_name;